When was communism invented

Pierre Joseph Proudhon , although he did not adopt the principle of common ownership, exercised great influence by his attacks on the evils of private property. A host of critics and idealistic revolutionists arose in Germany, but more important was the survival or revival of Babouvism in secret French and Italian revolutionary societies, intent on overthrowing the established governments and on setting up a new, propertyless society.

It was among them that the terms communism and socialism were first used. They were used vaguely and more or less interchangeably, although there was a tendency to use the term socialist to denote those who merely stressed a strong state as the owner of all means of production, and the term communist for those who stressed the abolition of all private property except immediate personal goods. Among the chief leaders of such revolutionary groups were the Frenchmen Louis Blanc and far more radical Louis Auguste Blanqui , both of whom played important roles in the February Revolution of The year was also marked by the appearance of The Communist Manifesto of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels , the primary exposition of the socioeconomic doctrine that came to be known as Marxism.

It postulated the inevitability of a communist society, which would result when economic forces the determinants of history caused the class war; in this struggle the exploited industrial proletariat would overthrow the capitalists and establish the new classless order of social ownership.

They considered these beliefs to be dangerous ideologies that threatened their traditional political and economic control. The Russian Revolution and emergence of the Soviet Union increased fears of violent revolution and a radical reordering of society. These fears played out both within Germany and across Europe. By the s, Stalin had initiated forced collectivization , or the replacement of private farms with state-run, collective farms. He had also established industrial production quotas.

His efforts eliminated the free market. This also gave the rest of the world a glimpse of the type of communist revolution the Comintern , a Soviet-controlled, global communist organization, was encouraging internationally. If communism were to spread from the Soviet Union into Germany, it would reach into the heart of Europe. Communism was antithetical to Nazism because communism prioritized class above nation and race.

However, in the Nazi imagination, communism was recast as Judeo-Bolshevism. Judeo-Bolshevism claims that communism was a Jewish plot designed at German expense.

The existence of a communist state so close to Germany was not merely a political threat, but also an existential racial and ideological threat.

For Nazis, both Jews and communists were made worse by their supposed identification with one another. As soon as the Nazis rose to power, they began targeting communists, both inside and outside Germany. In , the first concentration camp opened at Dachau to hold political prisoners.

The first prisoners were all communists. Later in the Nazis banned all political parties. They intensified the targeting of Communists, Social Democrats, and trade unionists.

As early as —before the Nazi regime had made any significant moves against Jews or the disabled—German Communists were detained in mass arrests and tortured. Once the war began, the Commissar Order demonstrated the depth of Nazi fear and hatred of communism.

Bergen, Doris. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, Evans, Richard J. The first revolution began when the Russian army was sent in to control a protest led by factory workers who had recently lost their jobs.

The military quickly lost control of the situation, and the Czar was forced to abdicate. When the Czar was dethroned, Vladimir Lenin returned to Russia after being exiled for anti-Czar plots.

Other revolutionaries including Leon Trotsky also returned to Russia to seize the opportunity. The two established the Bolshevik party, a communist party that was staunchly opposed to the War, which continued to wreak havoc on the unstable nation. However, when the Bolsheviks gained only 25 percent of votes in the elections, Lenin overturned the results and used military force to prevent democratic assembly.

He established several state-centered government programs and policies that would continue, in some form, throughout the reign of the Soviet Union. His plan for national economic recovery, the GOLERO Plan was the first of this type and was designed to stimulate the economy by brining electricity to the whole of Russia. Lenin established a national free healthcare system and free public education. Truman addresses Congress in what would come to be known as the Truman Doctrine , calling for the containment of communism, and later, leading to U.

The war would last until July 27, , with North Korea, China and the United Nations signing an armistice agreement. A few months later, in July, the nation is reunified as the Socialist Republic of Vietnam under communist rule. The pro-Marxist government was overthrown in about a week. The bloody violence ends in hundreds to thousands of deaths no official death toll was ever released.

China, Cuba, Laos, Vietnam remain under communist rule. North Korea remains nominally communist, although the North Korean government doesn't call itself communist. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us!